Relação enfermeiro-pessoa afetada pela Tuberculose fundamentada na teoria do alcance de metas de imogene king / La relación enfermería-Persona afectada por la Tuberculosis, según la Teoría del logro de objetivos de imogene king / The nurse-tuberculosis patient relationship according to Imogene King's theory of goal achievement

Resumo Introdução: As ações desenvolvidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde são um dos pontos fortes de combate à tuberculose. Nesse nível de atenção, o contato contínuo do enfermeiro por meio da consulta de enfermagem permite manter relação com a população adoecida. Diante da relação enfermeiro-pessoa cuidada para o estabelecimento do vínculo e adesão ao tratamento contra tuberculose, compreende-se a importância do referencial teórico de Imogene King para estruturar a interação enfermeiro-pessoa cuidada e oferecer uma dinâmica para esse processo. Objetivo: Analisar a relação enfermeiro-pessoa afetada pela tuberculose fundamentada na Teoria do Alcance de Metas de Imogene King. Método: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, com 14 enfermeiros da APS, selecionadas por conveniência. A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto a novembro de 2018, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, elaborada com base no Registro Meta-Orientado de Enfermagem de Imogene King. Os dados foram analisados de forme qualitativa pelo Software IRAMUTEQ. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética. Resultados: Após a análise, emergiram quatro classes: 1) relação estabelecida com base no acolhimento; 2) relação enfermeiro-pessoa com tuberculose e o apoio de outros profissionais e familiares; 3) relação estabelecida com vistas ao cumprimento do tratamento; e 4) relação estabelecida para enfrentamento do preconceito diante da tuberculose. Conclusão: O acolhimento, a família e o vínculo entre profissional, paciente e equipe da Atenção Primária à Saúde fortalecem o enfrentamento da doença e reforçam a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso.

Resumen Introducción: Uno de los puntos fuertes de la lucha contra la tuberculosis son las acciones desarrolladas en la atención primaria de salud. En este nivel asistencial, el contacto continuo de las enfermerías a través de la consulta de enfermería permite mantener una relación con la población enferma. Frente a la relación enfermería-persona para el establecimiento del vínculo y la adherencia al tratamiento contra la tuberculosis, se entiende la importancia del referente teórico de Imogene King para estructurar la interacción enfermería-persona y ofrecer una dinámica para este proceso. Objetivo: Análisis de la relación entre el personal de enfermería y las personas afectadas por la tuberculosis, a partir de la teoría del logro de objetivos de Imogene King. Método: Estudio descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo, con 14 enfermeras de atención primaria de salud, seleccionadas por conveniencia. La recolección de datos ocurrió de agosto a noviembre de 2018, a través de una entrevista semiestructurada, elaborada con base en el registro meta-orientado de enfermería de Imogene King. Los datos fueron analizados cualitativamente utilizando el software IRAMUTEQ. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de Ética. Resultados: Después del análisis, surgieron cuatro clases: 1) relación establecida con base en la recepción, 2) relación enfermería-persona con tuberculosis y apoyo de otras personas profesionales y familiares, 3) relación establecida con miras al cumplimiento del tratamiento y 4) relación establecida para combatir los prejuicios contra la tuberculosis. Conclusión: La acogida, la familia y el vínculo entre profesional, paciente y equipo de atención primaria de salud fortalecen el afrontamiento de la enfermedad y refuerzan la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico.

Abstract Introduction: One of the main aspects in the fight against tuberculosis are the actions developed in Primary Health Care (PHC). At this level of care, the nurse's continuous contact through the nursing consultation allows them to maintain a relationship with the sick population. Regarding the nurse-patient relationship for establishing a bond and the compliance with tuberculosis treatment, we understand the importance of Imogene King's theoretical framework for structuring the nurse-patient interaction and offering a dynamic for this process. Objective: To analyze the nurse-tuberculosis patient relationship based on Imogene King's Theory of Goal Achievement. Method: A descriptive study with a qualitative approach, with 14 PHC nurses, selected by convenience. Data were collected from August to November 2018 through semi-structured interviews based on Imogene King's Meta-Oriented Nursing Record. The data were analyzed qualitatively using the IRAMUTEQ software. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: After the analysis, four classes emerged: 1) relationship established on the basis of welcoming; 2) nurse-tuberculosis patient relationship and the support of other professionals and family members; 3) relationship established towards treatment compliance; and 4) relationship established to confront prejudice associated with tuberculosis. Conclusion: The welcoming, the family, and the bond between the professional, the patient and Primary Health Care team strengthen the coping with the disease and reinforce the compliance with the pharmacological treatment.

Tuberculosis abdominal en pediatría: presentación de un caso / Abdominal tuberculosis in pediatrics: A case report

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa cuya forma de presentación más frecuente es la pulmonar; la afectación abdominal es poco frecuente, por lo que su diagnóstico continúa siendo un desafío. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la tuberculosis abdominal así como sus hallazgos en el examen físico suelen ser inespecíficos y, en muchas ocasiones, similares a los de otras patologías, por lo que es fundamental considerarla entre los diagnósticos diferenciales. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 15 años de edad, hospitalizado por un síndrome febril prolongado asociado a dolor abdominal, diarrea, sudoración nocturna y pérdida de peso

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which most commonly compromises the respiratory system, whereas abdominal involvement is rare, thus its diagnosis is a challenge. The clinical manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis as well as its physical examination findings are usually non-specific and, frequently, similar to those of other diseases, so it is critical to consider abdominal tuberculosis among the differential diagnoses. Here we report the clinical case of a 15-year-old male patient hospitalized for a prolonged febrile syndrome associated with abdominal pain, diarrhea, night sweats, and weight loss.

Plan de implementación de la red nacional de apoyo para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la tuberculosis pediátrica / Implementation plan for the national support network for the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric tuberculosis

La tuberculosis en la edad pediátrica está íntimamente ligada a la enfermedad del adulto y se considera que los casos pediátricos son centinelas de lo que sucede en la comunidad en que la niña y el niño vive. Por lo antes expuesto, el Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud (SNIS) debe sumar esfuerzos bajo el enfoque de la Ley Crecer Juntos, para garantizar el bienestar de la niñez y adolescencia, y alcanzar el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) "Salud y Bienestar", ya que considera fundamental crear un "Plan de implementación de la red nacional de apoyo para el diagnóstico 10 y tratamiento de la tuberculosis pediátrica en El Salvador: RedNaTBPediátrica-ES", que contribuya a cumplir con los documentos regulatorios como la "Guía clínica para la atención pediátrica de la Tuberculosis y la coinfección TB/VIH" y demás normativas relacionadas al control de la tuberculosis en esta edad

Tuberculosis in paediatric age is closely linked to adult disease and paediatric cases are considered to be sentinels of what happens in the community in which the child lives. In view of the foregoing, the National Integrated Health System (NIS) must join forces under the Grow Together Act to guarantee the well-being of children and adolescents and achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) "Health and Well-being"considers it essential to create a "Plan for the implementation of the national network of support for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric tuberculosis in El Salvador: RedNaTBPediátrica-ES", which contributes to comply with regulatory documents such as the Clinical Guide for Pediatric Care of TB and TB/HIV Co-infection" and other regulations related to tuberculosis control at this age

Masa nasal como único compromiso extrapulmonar de infección por M. Tuberculosis / Nasal mass as the only extrapulmonary compromise of M. Tuberculosis infection / Massa nasal como único compromisso extrapulmonar da infecção por M. Tuberculose

La tuberculosis aún es un problema de salud pública mundial. La infección causada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis se manifiesta de forma principal a nivel pulmonar. Sin embargo, alrededor del 20 % de los casos se presentan en otras localizaciones anatómicas y solo el 2 % tiene afectación del tracto respiratorio superior. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 75 años, reconsultante al servicio de otorrinolaringología por epistaxis, lesiones postillosas en cavidad nasal y hallazgo de masa nasal. Posterior a la resección quirúrgica de la lesión, se logró la comprobación microbiológica de infección por M. tuberculosis. Se realizan estudios para descartar compromiso pulmonar y de otras localizaciones. Posterior al inicio de tratamiento antituberculoso se logró resolución completa de la lesión y no recurrencia de los síntomas. Las formas extrapulmonares de la infección por M. tuberculosis y, en especial las que afectan la región de la cabeza y el cuello, requieren un alto índice de sospecha para su diagnóstico. Los métodos de diagnóstico como la prueba de PCR y los cultivos de tejidos permiten un óptimo inicio del manejo médico de acuerdo con la epidemiología local y las condiciones del paciente.

Tuberculosis is still a global public health burden. Infection caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. Tuberculosis) manifests mainly in the lungs. However, around 20 % of cases occur in other anatomical locations and only 2 % have upper respiratory tract involvement. We present the case of a 75-year-old female patient, who returned to the otorhinolaryngology service due to epistaxis and postillomous lesions in the nasal cavity with a finding of a nasal mass. After surgical resection of the lesion, microbiological confirmation of M. tuberculosis infection is achieved. Studies are performed to rule-out lung involvement, as well as other locations. After the initiation of tuberculosis treatment, complete resolution of the lesion and no recurrence of symptoms is documented. Extrapulmonary forms of M. tuberculosis infection, and especially those involving the head and neck region, require a high index of suspicion for their diagnosis. Diagnostic methods such as PCR testing and tissue cultures allow optimal initiation of medical management according to local epidemiology and patient conditions.

A tuberculose ainda é um problema de saúde pública global. A infecção causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculoses manifesta-se principalmente nos pulmões. Entretanto, cerca de 20% dos casos ocorrem em outras localizações anatômicas e apenas 2% apresentam comprometimento do trato respiratório superior. É apresentado o caso de uma mulher de 75 anos que retornou ao serviço de otorrinolaringologia por quadro de epistaxe, lesões com crostas em cavidade nasal e descoberta de massa nasal. Após ressecção cirúrgica da lesão, foi realizada verificação microbiológica de infecção por M. tuberculoses. Estudos são realizados para descartar envolvimento pulmonar e otras localizações. Após início do tratamento antituberculoso, houve resolução completa dalesão e não houve recidiva dos sintomas. As formas extrapulmonares da infecção por M. tuberculoses, especialmente aquelas que acometem a região de cabeça e pescoço, requerem alto índice de suspeita para diagnóstico. Métodos de diagnóstico, como testes de PCR e culturas de tecidos, permitem o início ideal do tratamento médico de acordó com a epidemiologia local e as condições do paciente.

Tecnologias educacionais sobre tuberculose para profissionais da saúde: protocolo de revisão de escopo / Educational technologies on tuberculosis for health professionals: a scoping review protocol

OBJETIVO: Mapear as tecnologias educacionais sobre tuberculose direcionadas a médicos, enfermeiros, técnicos em enfermagem e agentes comunitários de saúde. MÉTODO: Protocolo de revisão de escopo elaborado conforme a abordagem do Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI). A questão de pesquisa elencada foi: quais são as tecnologias educacionais sobre tuberculose para profissionais da saúde? Dois revisores independentes participarão da seleção dos estudos, cuja avaliação ocorrerá com a leitura dos títulos e resumos, seguindo os critérios de elegibilidade estabelecidos. Os resultados da busca e do processo de seleção de estudos serão exibidos no fluxograma Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Será utilizada uma ferramenta de extração de dados desenvolvida pelos revisores, em forma de planilha no Microsoft Excel. Os dados serão analisados e apresentados em tabelas, quadros e fluxogramas, facilitando a visualização dos resultados. Protocolo registrado na plataforma Open Science Framework (OSF): https://osf.io/va8pz/.

OBJECTIVE: To map educational technologies on tuberculosis targeted at physicians, nurses, nursing technicians, and community health agents. METHOD: A scoping review protocol was developed following the approach of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The research question posed was: what are the educational technologies on tuberculosis for health professionals? Two independent reviewers will participate in the study selection process, which will involve assessing titles and abstracts based on established eligibility criteria. The search results and study selection process will be displayed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) flowchart. The reviewers will utilize a data extraction tool in the form of a spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel. Data will be analyzed and presented in tables, charts, and flowcharts to facilitate result visualization. The protocol has been registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF): https://osf.io/va8pz/.

Tendência temporal da avaliação do manejo adequado para diagnóstico e tratamento da tuberculose na atenção primária à saúde no Brasil entre 2012-2018 / Temporal trend in the evaluation of adequate management for diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in primary health care in Brazil (2012-2018) / Tendencia temporal de la evaluación del manejo adecuado para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la tuberculosis en la atención primaria de salud en Brasil entre los años 2012 y 2018

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a presença de infraestrutura e processo de trabalho adequados na atenção primária à saúde (APS) para o diagnóstico, o monitoramento e o tratamento da tuberculose (TB) no Brasil de 2012 a 2018. Estudo de tendência temporal realizado com dados das unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) avaliadas nos ciclos I (2012), II (2014) e III (2018) do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). Foi empregada a regressão de mínimos quadrados ponderada por variância para estimar as mudanças anuais, em pontos percentuais da infraestrutura e processo de trabalho adequado da TB em relação à macrorregião, ao porte do município e ao Índice Municipal de Desenvolvimento Humano e cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família. A amostra foi composta por 13.842 UBS e 17.202 equipes de saúde no ciclo I, 24.055 UBS e 29.778 equipes no II e 28.939 UBS e 37.350 equipes no III. Observou-se melhora gradual na proporção de infraestrutura e processo de trabalho ao atendimento da TB ao longo dos três ciclos do PMAQ-AB; contudo, nenhum local está integralmente adequado. A maior tendência de infraestrutura adequada foi verificada na Região Sul e no ano de 2018, em que 76,5% das UBS tinham todos os instrumentos para o cuidado à TB. A maior tendência de processo de trabalho adequado foi na Região Norte e no ano de 2018, em que 50,8% das equipes tinham a totalidade de itens para o cuidado à TB. O Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose e o PMAQ-AB contribuíram para tais avanços, mas ainda é necessário o fomento de políticas públicas que garantam a melhoria contínua da assistência à TB na APS e a eficácia das medidas de controle e prevenção da doença.

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the presence of infrastructure and adequate work processes in primary health care (PHC) for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in Brazil from 2012 to 2018. This is a temporal trend study carried out with data from basic health units (BHU) evaluated in the cycles I (2012), II (2014), and III (2018) of the Brazilian National Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Basic Care (PMAQ-AB). Variance-weighted least-squares regression was used to estimate annual changes, in percentage points, of the infrastructure and adequate work process of TB in relation to the macroregion, municipality size, Municipal Human Development Index, and Family Health Strategy coverage. The sample consisted of 13,842 BHU and 17,202 health teams in cycle I; 24,055 BHU and 29,778 teams in cycle II; and 28,939 BHU and 37,350 teams in cycle III. There was a gradual improvement in the proportion of infrastructure and work process for TB care over the three cycles of the PMAQ-AB, but none of the sites is fully adequate. The greatest trend of adequate infrastructure was observed in the South Region, and in 2018, 76.5% of the UBS had all the instruments for TB care. The greatest trend of adequate work process was in the North Region, and in 2018, 50.8% of the teams had all the items for TB care. The Brazilian National Program for Tuberculosis Control and the PMAQ-AB have contributed to these advances, but there is still a need to promote public policies that ensure the continuous improvement of TB care in PHC, the effectiveness of TB control and prevention measures.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la presencia de infraestructura y proceso de trabajo adecuado en la atención primaria de salud (APS) para el diagnóstico, monitoreo y tratamiento de la tuberculosis (TB) en Brasil entre los años 2012 y 2018. Estudio de tendencia temporal realizado con datos de las unidades básicas de salud (UBS), evaluadas en los ciclos I (2012), II (2014) y III (2018) del Programa Nacional de Mejoría de Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB). Se utilizó la regresión de mínimos cuadrados ponderada por varianza para estimar los cambios anuales, en puntos porcentuales de la infraestructura y el proceso de trabajo adecuado de la TB en relación con la macrorregión, el tamaño del municipio, el Índice Municipal de Desarrollo Humano y la cobertura de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. La muestra se compuso de 13.842 UBS y 17.202 equipos de salud en el ciclo I, 24.055 UBS y 29.778 equipos en el ciclo II y 28.939 UBS y 37.350 equipos en el ciclo III. Se observó una mejoría gradual en la proporción de infraestructura y proceso de trabajo en la atención de la TB a lo largo de los tres ciclos del PMAQ-AB, sin embargo, ningún local está completamente adecuado. Se verificó la mayor tendencia de infraestructura adecuada en la Región Sur y, en 2018, el 76,5% de las UBS tenían todas las herramientas para el cuidado de la TB. La Región Norte tuvo la mayor tendencia de proceso de trabajo adecuado y, en 2018, el 50,8% de los equipos tenían todo lo necesario para el cuidado de la TB. El Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis y el PMQA-AB contribuyeron para estos avances, pero aún es necesario promover políticas públicas que aseguren la mejoría continua de la asistencia de la TB en la APS y la eficacia de las medidas de control y prevención de la enfermedad.

Temporal trend in the incidence of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in Brazil, by macro-region, Federative Unit, sex and age group, 2010-2021 / Tendencia temporal de la incidencia de coinfección tuberculosis-VIH en Brasil, por macrorregión, Unidad Federativa, sexo y grupo de edad, 2010-2021 / Tendência temporal da incidência de coinfecção tuberculose-HIV no Brasil, por macrorregião, Unidade da Federação, sexo e faixa etária, 2010-2021

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the temporal trend in the incidence of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in Brazil, by macro-region, Federative Unit, sex and age group, from 2010 to 2021. Methods: This was a time series study using surveillance data to estimate average annual percentage changes (AAPC), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) via joinpoint regression. Results: 122,211 cases of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection were analyzed; a falling trend was identified for Brazil as a whole (AAPC = -4.3; 95%CI -5.1;-3.7), and in the country's Southern (AAPC = -6.2; 95%CI -6.9;-5.5) and Southeast (AAPC = -4.6; 95%CI -5.6;-3.8) regions, even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021); the greatest falling trend was seen in Santa Catarina (AAPC = -9.3; 95%CI -10.1;-8.5), while the greatest rising trend was found in Tocantins (AAPC = 4.1; 95%CI 0.1;8.6); there was a rising trend among males, especially in Sergipe (AAPC = 3.9; 95%CI 0.4;7.9), and those aged 18 to 34 years, especially in Amapá (AAPC = 7.9; 95%CI 5.1;11.5). Conclusion The burden and trends of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection were geographically and demographically disparate.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la tendencia temporal de la incidencia de la coinfección tuberculosis-VIH en Brasil, por Macrorregión, Unidad Federativa, sexo y grupo de edad, 2010-2021. Métodos Estudio de series de tiempo, con datos de vigilancia para la estimación de cambios porcentuales anuales promedio (CPAP) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) vía joinpoint regression. Resultados Se analizaron 122.211 casos de coinfección tuberculosis-VIH; se identificó tendencia decreciente en Brasil (CPAP = -4,3; IC95% -5,1;-3,7) y en las regiones Sur (CPAP = -6,2; IC95% -6,9;-5,5) y Sudeste (CPAP = -4,6; IC95% -5,6;-3,8), aumentando durante la pandemia de covid-19; mayor tendencia decreciente ocurrió en Santa Catarina (CPAP = -9,3; IC95% -10,1;-8,5) y creciente en Tocantins (CPAP = 4,1; IC95% 0,1;8,6); hubo tendencia al aumento en el sexo masculino, especialmente Sergipe (CPAP = 3,9; IC95% 0,4;7,9), y en los de 18 a 34 años, especialmente Amapá (CPAP = 7,9; IC95% 5,1;11,5). Conclusión Había disparidades territoriales y demográficas en la carga y las tendencias de la coinfección tuberculosis-VIH.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a tendência temporal da incidência da coinfecção tuberculose-HIV no Brasil, por macrorregião, Unidade da Federação, sexo e faixa etária, 2010-2021. Métodos Estudo de séries temporais, com dados de vigilância, para a estimativa de variações percentuais anuais médias (VPAM) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), por joinpoint regression. Resultados Foram analisados 122.211 casos de coinfecção tuberculose-HIV; identificou-se tendência decrescente no país (VPAM = -4,3; IC95% 5,1;-3,7) e em suas regiões Sul (VPAM = -6,2; IC95% -6,9;-5,5) e Sudeste (VPAM = -4,6; IC95% -5,6;-3,8), acentuada durante a pandemia de covid-19 (2020-2021); observou-se maior tendência decrescente em Santa Catarina (VPAM = -9,3; IC95% -10,1;-8,5) e maior tendência crescente no Tocantins (VPAM = 4,1; IC95% 0,1;8,6); houve tendência de incremento no sexo masculino, destacando-se Sergipe (VPAM = 3,9; IC95% 0,4;7,9), e na faixa etária de 18-34 anos, sobressaindo-se o Amapá (VPAM = 7,9; IC95% 5,1;11,5). Conclusão Verificaram-se disparidades territoriais e demográficas na carga e nas tendências da coinfecção tuberculose-HIV.

Role of the IL8 rs4073 polymorphism in central nervous system toxicity in patients receiving multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment / Papel do polimorfismo rs4073 do gene IL8 na toxicidade do sistema nervoso central em pacientes em tratamento para tuberculose multirresistente

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the role of the IL8 rs4073 polymorphism in predicting the risk of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity in patients receiving standard pharmacological treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Methods: A cohort of 85 consenting MDR-TB patients receiving treatment with second-line antituberculosis drugs had their blood samples amplified for the IL8 (rs4073) gene and genotyped. All patients were clinically screened for evidence of treatment toxicity and categorized accordingly. Crude and adjusted associations were assessed. Results: The chief complaints fell into the following categories: CNS toxicity; gastrointestinal toxicity; skin toxicity; and eye and ear toxicities. Symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity were reported by 59% of the patients, and symptoms of CNS toxicity were reported by 42.7%. With regard to the genotypes of IL8 (rs4073), the following were identified: AA, in 64 of the study participants; AT, in 7; and TT, in 11. A significant association was found between the dominant model of inheritance and CNS toxicity for the crude model (p = 0.024; OR = 3.57; 95% CI, 1.18-10.76) and the adjusted model (p = 0.031; OR = 3.92; 95% CI, 1.13-13.58). The AT+TT genotype of IL8 (rs4073) showed a 3.92 times increased risk of CNS toxicity when compared with the AA genotype. Conclusions: The AT+TT genotype has a tendency to be associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical features during MDR-TB treatment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o papel do polimorfismo rs4073 do gene IL8 na previsão do risco de toxicidade do sistema nervoso central (SNC) em pacientes em tratamento farmacológico padrão para tuberculose multirresistente (TBMR). Métodos: Amostras de sangue de uma coorte de 85 pacientes com TBMR que assinaram um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido e que estavam recebendo tratamento com medicamentos antituberculosos de segunda linha foram amplificadas para o gene IL8 (rs4073) e genotipadas. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente quanto a evidências de toxicidade do tratamento e categorizados de acordo com os achados. Foram avaliadas as associações brutas e ajustadas. Resultados: As principais queixas enquadraram-se nas seguintes categorias: toxicidade do SNC; toxicidade gastrointestinal; toxicidade cutânea; e toxicidade ocular e ototoxicidade. Sintomas de toxicidade gastrointestinal foram relatados por 59% dos pacientes, e sintomas de toxicidade do SNC foram relatados por 42,7%. Foram identificados os seguintes genótipos de IL8 (rs4073): AA, em 64 dos participantes; AT, em 7; TT, em 11. Houve associação significativa entre o modelo dominante de herança e toxicidade do SNC no modelo bruto (p = 0,024; OR = 3,57; IC95%: 1,18-10,76) e no ajustado (p = 0,031; OR = 3,92; IC95%: 1,13-13,58). O genótipo AT+TT do gene IL8 (rs4073) apresentou risco 3,92 vezes maior de toxicidade do SNC que o genótipo AA. Conclusões: O genótipo AT+TT tende a se associar a um maior risco de características clínicas adversas durante o tratamento da TBMR.

Social representations of tuberculosis by people with the disease / Representaciones sociales de tuberculosis por personas con la enfermedad / Representações sociais da tuberculose por pessoas com a doença

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the social representations of people with tuberculosis about the disease and its implications for following treatment. Method: A descriptive, qualitative study based on the Theory of Social Representations. It was conducted in a municipal health unit in the city of Belém. The participants were people diagnosed with tuberculosis and undergoing directly observed treatment, with the sample size defined by the data saturation technique. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. For data analysis it was used thematic content analysis. Results: The records converged into three categories: Representations of tuberculosis and its impacts on the diagnosis; The faces of treatment: challenges facing follow-up and hope; and Constructions of living with the disease in family and society. Final considerations: Living with the disease transforms everyday life and relationships. Discrimination and prejudice denote the need to reconfigure such representations for patients to be embraced.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender las representaciones sociales de personas con tuberculosis sobre la enfermedad y sus implicaciones para el seguimiento del tratamiento. Método: Estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Se llevó a cabo en una unidad de salud municipal de la ciudad de Belém. Los participantes fueron personas con diagnóstico de tuberculosis y en tratamiento bajo observación directa, cuyo cuantitativo fue definido por la técnica de saturación de datos. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de una entrevista semiestructurada. Para analizar dos datos, utilice un análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Los registros convergieron en tres categorías: Representaciones de la tuberculosis y sus impactos en el diagnóstico; Como enfrenta el tratamiento: desafíos que enfrenta el seguimiento y la esperanza; y Construcciones de convivencia con la enfermedad en familia y sociedad. Consideraciones finales: O vivir con una enfermedad transforma la vida cotidiana y las relaciones. La discriminación y el prejuicio denotan la necesidad de reconfigurar estas representaciones, para que el docente sea aceptado.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender as representações sociais de pessoas com tuberculose sobre a doença e implicações no tratamento. Método: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, com base na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Realizado em uma unidade municipal de saúde no município de Belém. Os participantes foram pessoas com diagnóstico de tuberculose e em tratamento diretamente observado, cujo quantitativo foi definido pela técnica da saturação de dados. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: Os registros convergiram em três categorias: Representações da tuberculose e seus impactos frente ao diagnóstico; as faces do tratamento: desafios frente ao seguimento e esperança; e Construções do conviver com a doença em família e sociedade. Considerações finais: O conviver com a doença transforma o cotidiano e as relações. A discriminação e preconceito denotam a necessidade de reconfigurar tais representações, para o doente ser acolhido.

As redes vivas na produção do cuidado com o usuário na centralidade do tratamento para tuberculose multidroga resistente / Las redes vivas en la producción del cuidado con el usuario en la centralidad del tratamiento para la tuberculosis multidrogo resistente / Live networks in care production with the user at the center of the treatment for multidrugresistant tuberculosis

Vivenciamos a trajetória de uma usuária-guia no tratamento para tuberculose multidroga resistente (TB-MDR). As narrativas das redes vivas na produção de cuidado apontam para os seguintes itens: 1) cuidar no ato de viver: suplantar os estigmas e cultivar vínculos que ajudem a superar os discursos fomentados pelo medo, preconceitos, exclusão e invisibilidade dos sujeitos; 2) redes vivas de cuidado: os entremeios da norma; e 3) as interfaces de atenção usuário-trabalhador da saúde: como desmistificar o julgamento dos trabalhadores da saúde, que, subordinados a protocolos limitantes, muitas vezes estigmatizam o usuário como "abandonador de tratamento"?. A usuária-guia vislumbrou que cuidar é se desterritorializar, é colocar os desejos como potência para transformação, saindo do modus operandi rumo à criatividade, tendo o usuário no centro do processo. (AU)

Presenciamos la trayectoria de una usuaria-guía en el tratamiento para tuberculosis multidrogo resistente (TB-MDR). Las narrativas de las Redes Vivas en la producción de cuidado señalan: 1) cuidar en el acto de vivir: suplantar los estigmas y cultivar vínculos que ayuden a superar los discursos fomentados por el miedo, prejuicios, exclusión e invisibilidad de los sujetos. 2) Redes Vivas de cuidado: los entresijos de la norma y 3) las interfaces de atención usuario-trabajador de la salud: ¿cómo desmistificar el juicio de los trabajadores de la salud quienes, subordinados a protocolos limitantes, muchas veces estigmatizan al usuario como "abandonador de tratamiento"? La usuaria-guía vislumbró que cuidar es desterritorializarse, es colocar los deseos como potencia para trasformación, saliendo del modus operandi rumbo a la creatividad, colocando al usuario en el centro del proceso. (AU)

We followed the trajectory of a guiding user undergoing treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The narratives of Live Networks in care production showed: 1) Caring in the act of living: Overcoming stigmas and cultivating bonds that help overcome discourses fostered by fear, prejudice, exclusion and invisibility of subjects; 2) Live Networks of care: The in-betweens of the norm; and 3) Interfaces of user-health worker care: How can we demystify the judgment of health workers who, subordinated to limiting protocols, often stigmatize the user as someone who "abandons the treatment"? The guiding user perceived that caring means deterritorializing oneself, expressing one's desires as power for transformation, and leaving the modus operandi towards creativity, with the user at the center of the process. (AU)

Tuberculosis in adolescence: an integrative review focusing on patient-centered care / Tuberculose na adolescência: uma revisão integrativa com foco no cuidado centrado no paciente

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify how patient-centered care has been addressed in tuberculosis studies with adolescents. Data source: We searched for articles published in Portuguese, Spanish and English in the Virtual Health Library (LILACS), PubMed (MedLine), and Scopus (Elsevier) databases, from 2000 to 2020, using descriptors (DeCS, MeSH) in Portuguese and English. Data synthesis: 1,322 studies were identified, of which 18 were selected. The main themes found were related to adherence to tuberculosis treatment, knowledge, attitudes and practices, health education, and public policies. Conclusions: We observed that both the number of researchers dedicated to the topic and the presence of a truly person-centered view are still scarce elements in tuberculosis among adolescents research.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar, por meio de uma revisão integrativa, como o cuidado centrado no paciente tem sido abordado nos estudos de tuberculose com adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Buscamos artigos publicados em português, espanhol e inglês nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS (LILACS), PubMed (MedLine) e Scopus (Elsevier), de 2000 a 2020, utilizando descritores (DeCS, MeSH) em português e inglês. Síntese dos dados: Foram identificados 1.322 estudos, dos quais 18 foram selecionados. Os principais temas encontrados foram relacionados à adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose, conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas, educação em saúde e políticas públicas. Conclusões: Observamos que tanto o número de pesquisadores dedicados ao tema quanto a presença de uma visão verdadeiramente centrada na pessoa ainda são elementos escassos na pesquisa da tuberculose entre adolescentes.

Audience response system smartphone application as an adjunct to tuberculosis teaching for medical students during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The growing availability of devices for mobile learning has created new opportunities for teaching. With the development of smartphone apps based on audience response systems, there is a possibility to quickly assess student knowledge. The education of health professionals, including medical students, is an essential strategy for tuberculosis control. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, audience response systems are very useful as online assessment tools. The aim of this study was to use the audience response systems Socrative to assess medical students during a class on tuberculosis. METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental before-and-after study, with pre- and post-tests carried out through the Socrative app, respectively, before and after a lecture on tuberculosis for medical students. Also, a cross-sectional study was carried out after the course to evaluate the participant's satisfaction through an electronic, structured questionnaire with a Likert-type scale. RESULTS: A total of 126 students were included in the study. The overall mean pre- and post-test scores were 5.98±1.59 and 8.37±1.36, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001). Almost all students were totally satisfied with the use of Socrative on pre- and post-tests. CONCLUSION: This study describes how the use of Socrative in a tuberculosis class was well received by students. In addition, the baseline knowledge on tuberculosis was low in some topics, with some improvement after the lecture. These findings emphasize the need to further improve the students' knowledge on tuberculosis and help instructors customize the lecture based on the gaps identified in the Socrative assessment.

Prevalence of positive tuberculin skin test in a Brazilian sample of rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthritis patients

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Patients with rheumatic diseases have an increased risk of infections, especially tuberculosis. In this study, we aimed to recognize the positivity rate of tuberculosis skin test in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis and the characteristics of the patients with positive results. METHODS: Retrospective study of tuberculosis skin test results in patients followed from 2004 to 2021 in a single rheumatology unit. Data related to clinical and epidemiological features, along with treatment information referring to the period in which the tuberculosis skin test was performed, were collected from patients' charts. RESULTS: A total of 723 tests were identified (448 tests in 269 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 275 in 174 spondyloarthritis patients). In the rheumatoid arthritis sample, 31/275 (11.5%) individuals had positive tests, and in the spondyloarthritis, 38/174 (21.8%) had positive tests. In the rheumatoid arthritis sample, patients with positive tuberculosis skin tests used a higher dose of methotrexate than those with negative results (median of 25 mg/week versus median of 20 mg/week respectively; p=0.02). In the spondyloarthritis sample, tuberculosis skin test positivity was associated with alcohol ingestion (13.1% versus 2.9% in users and non-users respectively; p=0.02) and sulfasalazine use (15.7% of positivity in users versus 5% in non-users; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: The tuberculosis skin test-positive prevalence in rheumatoid arthritis was lower than in the spondyloarthritis sample. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis using a higher dosage of methotrexate or with spondyloarthritis using sulfasalazine had more frequency of tuberculosis skin test positivity and should be carefully followed by the attending physician in order to avoid the appearance of full-blown tuberculosis.

Severe esophagitis induced by antituberculosis drugs: a case report

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis stands as one of humanity's oldest afflictions, intrinsically intertwined with social disparities. This formidable disease spares no age group and remains the prevailing cause of infection-induced mortality worldwide, particularly in developing nations. We present a case of a 56-year-old woman with diabetes who was diagnosed with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. After receiving antituberculosis drugs as part of her treatment, she experienced a range of systemic manifestations and suffered from severe ulcerative esophagitis. This adverse reaction led to uncontrollable gastrointestinal intolerance, tragically resulting in her untimely demise. The incident underscores the potential seriousness of adverse reactions that can arise from tuberculosis treatment medications.

Paracoccidioidomicosis crónica multifocal con compromiso perioral y laríngeo en un paciente inmunocompetente: reporte de un caso / Chronic multifocal paracoccidioidomycosis with perioral and laryngeal involvement in an immunocompetent patient: case report

Introducción: la paracoccidioidomicosis es una micosis endémica en áreas tropicales de Suramérica y Centroamérica. 50 % de los pacientes tiene afectación de las membranas mucosas, y la mucosa laríngea se afecta en 22 %-43 % de los casos. Caso clínico: se presenta un caso ilustrativo de un paciente con paracoccidioidomicosis y afectación de la mucosa oral y laríngea con curso clínico sugestivo de tuberculosis diseminada. Discusión: el compromiso mucoso se presenta en 50 % pacientes con paracoccidioidomicosis, mientras que la afectación laríngea se da en 22 %-43 % de los pacientes. En la mayoría de los casos, las lesiones laríngeas se observan como masas granulomatosas con una superficie hemorrágica y se asocian con disfonía, por lo que son difíciles de diferenciar de una tuberculosis laríngea. Conclusión: la afectación laríngea en pacientes con paracoccidioidomicosis es frecuente y tiene curso clínico similar al de la tuberculosis, e implica un reto diagnóstico.

Introduction: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a mycosis endemic in tropical areas of South America and Central America. 50% of patients have mucous membrane in-volvement and the laryngeal mucosa is affected in 22-43% of cases. Case report: We present an illustrative case of a patient with Paracoccidioidomycosis with in-volvement of the oral and laryngeal mucosa with a clinical course suggestive of disseminated tuberculosis. Discussion: Mucosal involvement occurs in half of the patients with Paracoccidioidomycosis, while laryngeal involvement occurs in 22-43% of patients. In most cases, laryngeal lesions are observed as granulomatous masses with a hemorrhagic surface and are associated with dysphonia, making them difficult to differentiate from laryngeal tuberculosis. Conclusion: Laryngeal invol-vement in patients with Paracoccidioidomycosis is frequent and has a clinical course similar to that of tuberculosis, implying a diagnostic challenge.

Obstacles in combating multidrug resistant tuberculosis in pediatric patients: a scope review / Obstáculos no combate à tuberculose multidroga resistente em pacientes pediátricos: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract Objectives: to identify the scientific evidence on excessively resistant and multidrug resistant tuberculosis in pediatric patients. Methods: this is a scope review of the literature, with a guiding question: "What is the scientific evidence on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in pediatric patients?". The research used the descriptors: "extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis" OR "multidrug-resistant tuberculosis" AND "pediatrics". The research was carried out in a double-blind manner in the following databases of the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Regional Office for the Western Pacific's Institutional Repository for Information Sharing, Embase/Elsevier and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, with a temporal cut-off from 2011 to 2021, sending a final synthesized sample of 18 articles, which evaluated the methodological content through the level of evidence. Results: the results show the lack of research with a high level of evidence related to MDR-TB in children, the lack of adequate dosage of second-line drugs for the pediatric population and the importance of drug sensitivity testing for the cases of treatment Conclusions: it was identified that the obstacles to MDR-TB treatment were concentrated in the lack of detailed protocols, safe drug dosages with a low side effect, and mainly in the social health determinants and disease process involving MDR-TB.

Resumo Objetivos: identificar as evidências científicas sobre tuberculose excessivamente resistente e multidroga resistente em pacientes pediátricos. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo da literatura, tendo como questão norteadora: "Quais as evidências científicas sobre tuberculose multidroga-resistente (TB-MDR) e tuberculose extensivamente resistente em pacientes pediátricos?" A pesquisa usou os descritores: "tuberculose extensivamente resistente a medicamentos" OR "tuberculose resistente a múltiplos medicamentos" AND "pediatria". A pesquisa foi realizada de modo duplo-cego nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Regional Office for the Western Pacific's Institutional Repository for Information Sharing, Embase/Elsevier e International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, com um corte temporal de 2011 a 2021, sendo a amostra final sintetizada de 18 artigos, nos quais avaliou-se o conteúdo metodológico por meio do nível de evidência. Resultados: os resultados mostraram a escassez de pesquisas de alto nível de evidência relacionadas à TB-MDR em crianças, ausência de posologia adequada das drogas de segunda linha para o público pediátrico e a importância do teste de sensibilidade a drogas para o tratamento dos casos. Conclusões: identificou-se que os obstáculos do tratamento TB-MDR se concentraram na ausência de protocolos detalhados, de dosagens medicamentosas seguras e com menor efeito colateral, e, principalmente, nos determinantes sociais do processo saúde e doença que envolvem a TB-MDR.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection in healthcare students: systematic review of prevalence / Infecção latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis em estudantes da área da saúde: revisão sistemática de prevalência / Infección latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis en estudiantes de la salud: revisión sistemática de la prevalencia

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among undergraduate health care students. Methods: A systematic review of prevalence with meta-analysis was conducted. Prospective and retrospective cohorts and cross-sectional studies involving probable exposure to M. tuberculosis during undergraduate education, along with the tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for investigation of latent tuberculosis were searched. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Independent reviewers were responsible for the selection and inclusion of studies. Data were extracted, critically appraised, and synthesized using the JBI approach. PRISMA was used to report the study. Results: Twenty-two studies were analyzed. The overall prevalence in healthcare undergraduate students was 12.53%. Conclusion: The prevalence of LTBI in undergraduate health students was high for such a highly educated population. Screening with TST and/or IGRA and chemoprophylaxis, when necessary, should be provided to undergraduate health students when in contact with respiratory symptomatic patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar as evidências sobre a prevalência de infecção de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ILTB) entre estudantes de graduação da área da saúde. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de prevalência com metanálise. Coortes prospectivas e retrospectivas e estudos transversais envolvendo provável exposição a M. tuberculosis durante a graduação, juntamente com o teste tuberculínico (TT) ou ensaio de liberação de interferon-γ (IGRA) para investigação de tuberculose latente foram pesquisados. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus e Web of Science. Revisores independentes foram responsáveis pela seleção e inclusão dos estudos. Os dados foram extraídos, avaliados criticamente e sintetizados utilizando a abordagem JBI. PRISMA foi usado para relatar o estudo. Resultados: Vinte e dois estudos foram analisados. A prevalência geral em estudantes de graduação da área da saúde foi de 12,53%. Conclusão: A prevalência de ILTB em estudantes de graduação em saúde foi alta para uma população com alto nível de escolaridade. Triagem com TT e/ou IGRA e quimioprofilaxia, quando necessária, deve ser fornecida aos estudantes de graduação da área da saúde quando em contato com pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue sintetizar la evidencia sobre la prevalencia de infección latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ILTB) entre estudiantes universitarios de la salud. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la prevalencia con metanálisis. Cohortes prospectivas y retrospectivas y estudios transversales que involucran exposición probable a M tuberculosis durante la educación universitaria, junto con la prueba cutánea de tuberculina (TST) o el ensayo de liberación de interferón-γ (IGRA) para la investigación de tuberculosis latente. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus y Web of Science. Revisores independientes fueron responsables de la selección e inclusión de los estudios. Los datos se extrajeron, se evaluaron críticamente y se sintetizaron utilizando el enfoque JBI. Se utilizó PRISMA para informar el estudio. Resultados: Se analizaron veintidós estudios. La prevalencia global en estudiantes universitarios en salud fue del 12,53%. Conclusión: La prevalencia de LTBI en estudiantes universitarios de salud fue alta para una población con un nivel educativo tan alto. Se debe proporcionar tamizaje con TST y/o IGRA y quimioprofilaxis, cuando sea necesario, a los estudiantes universitarios en salud cuando estén en contacto con pacientes sintomáticos respiratorios.

Aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et évolutifs de la tuberculose multifocale à N'djamena / Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Multifocal Tuberculosis in N'djamena

Introduction. La tuberculose est dite multifocale (TMF) lorsqu ́il y a l ́atteinte d ́au moins deux sites extra pulmonaires non contigus associée ou non à une atteinte pulmonaire. Cette étude avait pour but d'étudier les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostics et évolutifs de la TMF au service de pneumo-phtisiologie du CHU-RN de N'Djamena. Matériels et méthode. Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective à visée descriptive de 5 ans allant de janvier 2018 à décembre 2022. Les variables étudiées étaient, épidémiologiques, cliniques et évolutives. Résultats. Au total, 185 patients étaient inclus sur 2001 cas de tuberculose, soit une fréquence de 9,24%. L'âge moyen était de 34,1 ans avec des extrêmes de 16 ans et 75 ans. Le sex-ratio était de 1,28. Les patients sans-emploi étaient majoritaire soit 47% des cas. La notion de contage tuberculeux représentait 13,5% des cas, et 66,5% des patients étaient vaccinés au BCG avec une séroprévalence VIH de 54,6%. Tous les signes habituels de la tuberculose étaient présents. La localisation pulmonaire était la plus représentée (66,2%) suivie de la localisation ganglionnaire (48,6%). Dans 80% des cas, la localisationétait bifocale. La mortalité était de 21,6% pour un séjour moyen d'hospitalisation de 20,26 jours. Conclusion. La tuberculose multifocale est une forme rare et grave, qui survient généralement chez les patients infectés par le VIH, mais le sujet immunocompétent peut être aussi touché. Un traitement antituberculeux doit être instauré le plus rapidement possible afind'éviter les complications

Introduction. Tuberculosisis called multifocal (TMF) when there is involvement of at least two non-contiguous extrapulmonary sites, whether or notassociated with pulmonary involvement. This study aimed to study the epidemiological, diagnostic and evolutionary aspects of FMT in the pneumo-phthisiology department of the CHU-RN of N'Djamena. Materials and method. This was a 5-year retrospective study with a descriptive aim from January 2018 to December 2022. The variables studied were epidemiological, clinical and progressive. Results. In total, 185 patients were included out of 2001 cases of tuberculosis, i.e. a frequency of 9.24%. The average age was 34.1 years with extremes of 16 and 75 years. The sex ratio was 1.28. Unemployed patients were the majority, i.e. 47% of cases. The notion of tuberculosis contagion represented 13.5% of cases, and 66.5% of patients were vaccinated with BCG with an HIV seroprevalence of 54.6%. All the usual signs of tuberculosis were present. The pulmonary location was the most represented (66.2%) followed by the lymph node location (48.6%). In 80% of cases, bifocal localization. Mortality was 21.6% for an average hospital stay of 20.26 days. Conclusion.Multifocal tuberculosis is a rare and serious form, which generally occurs in patients infected with HIV, but immunocompetent subjects can also be affected. Anti-tuberculosis treatment must be started as quickly as possible to avoid complications.

Evaluation of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF to diagnose tuberculosis in a public health laboratory

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performance of geneXpert MTB/Rif versus conventional methods (bacilloscopy and culture) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in a Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN, Tocantins), Northern Brazil. METHODS Retrospective study, with information from 1,973 suspected cases of tuberculosis from patients treated from January 2015 to December 2020. RESULTS From the culture (reference standard), the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the geneXpert MTB/Rif were 100%, 97%, 74%, 100%, and 97%, respectively, against 85%, 98%, 80%, 98%, and 97% of bacilloscopy. CONCLUSIONS The geneXpert MTB/Rif performed similarly to culture and better than bacilloscopy. Although positive cases with negative culture should be evaluated with caution, its routine use is important for the early detection of tuberculosis.

Isoniazid use, effectiveness, and safety for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Background: The treatment strategy for latent tuberculosis infection is to reduce the number of tuberculosis cases and consequently reduce the transmission of pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to determine the safety, effectiveness, and adherence of isoniazid use for latent tuberculosis infection treatment. Methods: To identify studies on isoniazid use for latent tuberculosis infection, five electronic databases were searched. The methods and results are presented in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: Most studies (53) used isoniazid for 9 months. The prevalence of use and adherence to treatment varied considerably (18% to 100%), and were evaluated by participant completion of isoniazid treatment for latent tuberculosis infection. The adverse events most frequently reported were hepatotoxicity, gastric intolerance, and neuropathy; the rates of occurrence ranged from < 1% to 48%. In the studies that evaluated the effectiveness of isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection, the rate varied from 0 to 19.7% for patients who did not have active tuberculosis after the follow-up period. Conclusions: The importance of maintaining follow up for patients using isoniazid should be emphasized due to the risk of developing adverse events. Despite the treatment challenges, the rates of patients who used isoniazid and developed active tuberculosis during the follow-up period were low. We believe that isoniazid continues to contribute to tuberculosis control worldwide, and better care strategies are required.